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Possible life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and potential intervention strategy

Par Naoum Salamé Dernière modification 22/05/2020 10:48

Figure 2. Possible life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and potential intervention strategy

D'après : Potential Therapeutic Targets and Promising Drugs for Combating SARS-CoV-2. Zhou, Hong et al. May 6, 2020

Schematic diagram showing the possible transmission, infection and pathogenesis cycle of SARS-CoV-2. In the infection phase, SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the cellular receptor via the spike  (S)  protein  or  the  transmembrane  glycoprotein  CD147  to  enter  the  host  cell  by the endosomal pathway. At this point, the S protein is activated and cleaved by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to trigger  membrane fusion. Then, SARS-CoV-2 releases its nucleocapsid into  the cytoplasm  to  induce  translation  of ORF1a/b  into  the large replicase polyproteins 1a (pp1a) and pp1ab and replicates its of genomic RNA. Subsequently, pp1a and pp1ab  produce  various  nonstructural  proteins  (nsps),  in  which  the  RNA-dependent  RNA polymerase (RdRP), Papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3C-like protease (3CLpro) are encoded.These replicases synthesize the full-length negative-sense antigenome  template  to  produce new genomic RNA and  further form the assembled virion, which is then released into the extracellular space by exocytosis. Uncontrolled replication promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to immune disturbances and inflammatory cytokine storms and eventually resulting in multiorgan functional damage, particularly in the lung.